The study performed from Kaplan, Sadock and Grebb (1997); Rota, Ohlwiler and Riesgo (2006); Smith and Strick (2012) theories’ shows dyslexia as a difficulty in identifying words and memorizing letter sounds, resulting in misinterpretation reading. The dyslexia becomes evident during education period, especially in the first period of elementary school. Thus, it is believed that the teacher should have domain over dyslexia, in order to identify its features and to deal with dyslexic students. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the level of instruction of the teachers in the public elementary schools of Santa Helena city, located in the state of Paraiba, regarding dyslexia. This research has exploratory aspect. So data was gathered from a survey composed by 20 questions, which was quantitatively analyzed by the SPSS statistical software. As a result, only nine in the twenty questions were answered correctly: they refer to superficial aspects of dyslexia indicating teacher’s lack of thorough knowledge regarding the main topic. Even though a legislation provides special educational programs for those students in elementary school, is evident the lack of training of the teachers in identifying the main indicators of the disorder. This study was relevant regarding two major focus, the knowledge about the level of training of the teachers about dyslexia and a warning for the need of professional improvement for the teachers, in order to assure for dyslexic students their right of an equitable education system.